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| 1807 |
| | | Napoleon launches an invasion of Portugal, increasing the likelihood of a Peninsular War | |
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| 1807 |
| | | The Portuguese royal family flees to Brazil on the approach of a French army led by Jean-Andoche Junot | |
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| 1808 |
| | | A British army under Arthur Wellesley (later duke of Wellington) defeats the French at Vimeiro, near Lisbon | |
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| 1809 |
| | | British commander Arthur Wellesley builds the lines of Torres Vedras, to defend the promontory leading south to Lisbon | |
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| 1815 |
| | | Brazil is given equal standing with Portugal, forming together the Kingdom of Portugal and Brazil | |
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| 1821 |
| | | The Cortes in Lisbon passes a liberal constitution which they persuade the king, John VI, to accept | |
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| 1824 |
| | | The Portuguese prince Dom Miguel briefly topples his father, John VI, from the throne | |
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| 1826 |
| | | Pedro I, emperor of Brazil, inherits the throne of Portugal (as Pedro IV) but continues to rule from Brazil | |
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| 1828 |
| | | Dom Miguel swears allegiance to his brother, the Portuguese king Pedro IV, and becomes regent | |
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| 1828 |
| | | Dom Miguel betrays his allegiance to his brother Pedro IV and usurps the Portuguese throne in a bloodless coup | |
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